Glaucoma is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight” because people can lose nearly 40% of their vision before they even realise that something is wrong. In addition, glaucoma is usually a painless condition, so people often do not notice any changes in their eyes. It is one of the leading causes of blindness among people over the age of 60. Because the vision loss occurs gradually, many people remain unaware of the problem until significant damage has already occurred.

In medical terms, glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, which is essential for good vision. It typically develops when fluid builds up in the front part of the eye, increasing pressure inside the eye. This pressure can gradually damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss if left untreated.

According to several reports, approximately 80 million people worldwide are affected by glaucoma. In India, nearly 12 million people are living with the condition, and about 50–80% of cases remain undiagnosed, similar to many other developing countries.

There are two major types of glaucoma: open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Ophthalmologists examine the angle between the cornea and iris and figure out whether it is open- angle or angle-closure glaucoma. However, both these conditions have the characteristics of preventing eye fluid from draining out through a tissue at the angle where the iris and cornea meet. As the fluid cannot flow out at its normal rate, the pressure inside the eyes increases, and damages the optic nerves.

In this context, Dr Sanyam Malhotr, Ophthalmologist at Ujala Cygnus - Ujala Hospital, Kashipur, has addressed several important questions related to Glaucoma, offering valuable insights for patients.

How does glaucoma affect the eye?

Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by abnormally high intraocular pressure. This excessive pressure causes damage to the optic nerve. If left unmanaged, this damage leads to progressive and irreversible vision loss, which can eventually result in blindness.

Is there a cure for glaucoma? And How Do I Treat glaucoma?

No, there is no cure for glaucoma. For glaucoma, the main aim of treatment is to slow down the progression of vision loss. For that, we have many topical eye drops as well as lasers, which help us in effectively managing intraocular pressure. The last step is always the surgeries and the glaucoma-drain devices.

Glaucoma management strategies include:

Topical Eye Drops: Used to effectively manage intraocular pressure.

Lasers: Also utilised for the effective management of intraocular pressure.

Surgery: Generally considered the last step in treatment.

Glaucoma Drainage Devices: Another surgical option typically reserved for advanced cases.

Who Gets glaucoma?

Glaucoma can affect anyone, but there are some groups of people who are more likely to be affected by the disease. The first criteria involve age of more than 40 years. Another group of patients are with the family history of glaucoma. Patients for diabetes and hypertension are also more susceptible to glaucoma. Patients on long-term steroid use and high myopia are also at increased risk of glaucoma.

Can we live normally with glaucoma?

Yes, majority of the patients who do regular eye examinations for their glaucoma and after diagnosis are very compliant with the use of eye drops, doing a regular ophthalmic examination and following doctors' advice, living a healthy lifestyle, managing their systemic disorders like diabetes and hypertension, can live normally with glaucoma.

Can glaucoma be prevented?

Glaucoma cannot be prevented, but vision loss from the condition can be diagnosed early. Therefore, patients should undergo regular eye examinations and glaucoma screenings.

To manage and mitigate risk, patients should also:

Consistently control their diabetes and hypertension.

Avoid the unnecessary use of steroids.

Protect their eyes from injury.

If a patient has a family history of glaucoma, they must undergo regular ophthalmic examinations specifically for the condition.

If you have questions related to Glaucoma, consult a doctor at your nearest Ujala Cygnus Hospital or email askadoctor@ujalacygnus.com. to connect with our health experts. Click here to book an appointment with Dr Sanyam Malhotr.

FAQ

How often should people get their eyes checked for glaucoma?

People above 40 years of age should have regular eye examinations every 1–2 years. Those with risk factors may need more frequent screening as advised by an eye specialist.

What are the early warning signs people should look out for?

Early warning signs of glaucoma are often very subtle, which is why the condition is known as the “silent thief of sight.” Common warning signs are- Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision, Blurred or hazy vision, Seeing halos or rainbow-colored rings around lights, Eye pain or pressure (more common in acute glaucoma), Redness in the eye, Headaches or nausea in severe cases.

Does glaucoma only affect older people, or can younger individuals also develop it?

Glaucoma is more common among older adults, especially people over the age of 40, but it can also affect younger individuals and even children.

How effective are modern treatments like laser therapy and surgery for glaucoma?

Modern treatments such as laser therapy and surgery have significantly improved the management of glaucoma and are generally highly effective in controlling the disease.

What lifestyle habits can help protect eye health and reduce the risk of glaucoma?

Regular eye check-ups are the most important step, especially for people over 40 or those with a family history of glaucoma. Early detection can prevent serious vision loss. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle also plays a role. This includes eating a balanced diet rich in green leafy vegetables, fruits, and foods high in antioxidants, which support eye health. Regular physical exercise can help improve blood circulation and may help control eye pressure. People should also manage chronic conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, as these can increase the risk of eye diseases. Avoiding smoking and limiting excessive alcohol consumption are also beneficial for overall eye health.