Breast milk is a complete food for infants. It could boost a child's immunity. Nutrient-rich breast milk cannot be compared to cow's milk or packaged milk; it is lifesaving for children. In the initial hours of a child's life, breast milk is not merely food; it is the first dose of immunity the newborn receives, passed directly from the mother's body to the child.

According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–21), only 63.7% of Indian children under the age of six months are exclusively breastfed, and only 41.8% receive breast milk within the first hour of birth—a time when they need it the most. Therefore, it is crucial to dispel myths surrounding breastfeeding.

Dr. Shweta Verma, an Obstetrician and Gynecologist at Ujala Cygnus Super Speciality Hospital, Rewari, has provided detailed information on this subject.

Why is breastfeeding important?

Breastfeeding is vital for both mothers and the child. Most importantly, it strengthens the emotional connection and bonding between them. Breastfeeding provides the nutrients essential for a child's growth and development. Additionally, the antibodies present in breast milk help strengthen the child's immune system and protect against various infections. Medical observations show that infants who are exclusively breastfed have a significantly lower risk of hospitalization due to diarrhea or respiratory illnesses during their early months. It is not simply that breast milk is a good thing; rather, it provides essential protection to a body that does not yet have its own immune system.

Does breastfeeding benefit the mother as well? What are the benefits for both mother and child?

Yes, the impact of breast milk is not limited to the baby alone; breastfeeding offers several benefits to the mother too. It can help reduce weight gained during pregnancy and strengthen the emotional bond between mother and child. For mothers, breastfeeding triggers the release of the hormone oxytocin, which helps the uterus return to its normal size and reduces postpartum bleeding. This hormone does more than just foster the mother-child bond; in the hours and days following delivery, it acts as a genuine physical protective shield. Breastfeeding is also believed to lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancers as well as type 2 diabetes.

For the baby, breast milk is a vital source of complete nutrition. It provides essential nutrients and boosts the baby's immunity, helping them fight off various infections. That is why we recommend exclusive breastfeeding—feeding the baby only breast milk—from birth up to six months of age.

What is the significance of the first thick, yellow milk (colostrum) produced after birth in a baby's life?

The first milk produced after birth, known as colostrum, is akin to an immunity-boosting vaccine for the baby. It is thick, yellow, and packed with nutrients. Colostrum—that thick, golden-hued fluid secreted before the regular milk comes in—is rich in antibodies derived directly from the mother's immune system. The newborn receives this at the very moment their body lacks its own immune defenses, thereby protecting them against future illnesses.

What challenges do new mothers face regarding breastfeeding? What are the myths associated with it?

New mothers face various challenges. The most common concern is whether the baby is feeding correctly and receiving enough milk. Often, there are difficulties in getting the baby to latch properly. In such situations, mothers need information and support regarding correct breastfeeding techniques and proper positioning of the baby. There are also many myths prevalent in society regarding breastfeeding. Therefore, instead of relying on just any advice or assumption, mothers should seek accurate information from a doctor or a lactation specialist.

Myths associated with breastfeeding

The initial thick, yellow milk (colostrum) should not be given to the baby.

Fact: This is incorrect. Colostrum is rich in nutrients and antibodies and is crucial for the newborn; it should not be discarded.

The mother's milk supply is low, so the baby should immediately be given formula milk.

Fact: In the early days, the milk supply in the mother's body increases gradually. Proper latching and frequent breastfeeding help stimulate milk production. One should consult a doctor or lactation consultant if necessary.

Milk that appears thin or watery is not nutritious.

Fact: The appearance of breast milk can change over time and even during a single feeding session. A watery appearance does not mean the milk lacks nutritional value.

A breastfeeding mother should stop nursing if she has a cold.

Fact: Breastfeeding can usually be continued during a common cold. However, medical advice is necessary in cases of certain infections or when taking specific medications.

A breastfeeding mother should take selective foods.

Fact: Generally, the mother should consume a balanced and varied diet. There is no need to completely eliminate various food items without a medical reason.

A crying baby implies that the mother's milk is insufficient.

Fact: A baby may cry due to gas or various other reasons. One cannot conclude that the baby is not getting enough milk based solely on crying.

It is necessary to give water to a six-month-old baby.

Fact: Under normal circumstances, breast milk alone can meet a baby's nutritional and hydration needs for up to six months. Complementary feeding usually started around the age of six months.

Which women cannot breastfeed their babies?

Doctors may advise against breastfeeding in certain specific medical conditions. In such situations, it is essential to evaluate the health status of both the mother and the baby. For instance, caution regarding breastfeeding may be required in cases of certain infections or medical conditions. Medical advice is essential regarding breastfeeding in situations such as HIV infection or Hepatitis B. Therefore, in such cases, the mother should follow her doctor's advice rather than making a decision on her own.

What is your key advice for breastfeeding women?

Breastfeeding mothers should pay special attention to the following points:

Consume a balanced diet rich in nutrients.

Breastfeed the baby regularly.

The more frequently and effectively breastfeeding occurs, the more the milk production process is stimulated.

Maintain personal hygiene.

Pay attention to the correct positioning and latch while breastfeeding.

Allow the baby to nurse for a sufficient amount of time so they can receive the nutrition provided by the different components of the breast milk.

Most importantly, if the mother has concerns regarding milk supply, the baby's latch, weight gain, or any other breastfeeding-related issue, she should seek timely advice from a doctor or a lactation specialist. Breastfeeding is not merely about nourishing the baby; it also lays a strong foundation for healthy growth, immunity, and the emotional bond between mother and child.

If you have any questions or are facing issues regarding breastfeeding, you can consult an Obstetrician and Gynecologist at your nearest Ujala Cygnus Hospital or click here to book an appointment. You can also reach out to our health experts at askadoctor@ujalacygnus.com.

FAQ

What are the most common challenges associated with breastfeeding?

Breastfeeding is a natural process, but that does not mean it always comes easily. Naturally, the early days of breastfeeding can be physically and emotionally challenging for many new mothers. While the benefits of breastfeeding are widely known, the journey often involves unexpected hurdles. Latching difficulties and breast pain are among the most common challenges. Incorrect positioning can lead to issues such as nipple pain, ineffective milk flow, and irritability in the baby. Persistent pain can be avoided with the help of a lactation consultant.

What causes low milk supply?

Many mothers worry about low milk supply. Causes can include stress, hormonal factors, and underlying health issues. Milk production can be boosted through measures such as frequent nursing or pumping (at least 8–12 times a day), a proper diet, and adequate hydration. It is important to consult a healthcare provider to identify any underlying issues.

How are mental health and breastfeeding-related stress interconnected?

Postpartum mental health is deeply linked to the breastfeeding experience. Mothers dealing with fatigue or anxiety may feel discouraged if they encounter difficulties while nursing. This stress can be alleviated by creating an environment of awareness regarding breastfeeding through counseling. It is important for mothers to remember that self-care, rest, and light exercise can reduce fatigue and help them successfully continue breastfeeding.

What role does a lactation consultant play in breastfeeding?

A lactation consultant often encourages mothers not to give up breastfeeding during the first week and to continue with confidence. As trained and certified professionals—specifically International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs)—they focus on the nuances of breastfeeding techniques and the body's physiology, areas in which general nurses or obstetricians may not necessarily be trained.

By observing the baby while nursing, a lactation consultant can immediately identify issues—such as tongue-tie preventing a proper latch, ineffective feeding due to poor positioning, or subtle signs of low milk intake that a first-time mother might miss. They address these problems promptly. Lactation consultants also help mothers resolve concerns about milk supply, plan for returning to work while continuing to breastfeed, establish safe pumping and storage routines, and manage the emotional stress associated with breastfeeding challenges. They are often the specialists who identify problems early on, preventing them from escalating.

How can a breastfeeding mother manage her diet and hydration?

What you eat and drink directly affects your energy levels, mood, and milk supply. A nutrient-rich diet aids the body's recovery and supports the milk production process. Consume at least 2–3 liters of water and other fluids daily; water, herbal teas, milk, and soups are excellent choices.

Nutrient-rich foods: Include whole grains, lean proteins (such as eggs, fish, and lentils), healthy fats (nuts, seeds, avocados), and a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables.

Iron and calcium: These are crucial after delivery. Good sources include green leafy vegetables, dairy products, tofu, legumes, and fortified cereals.

Omega-3 fatty acids: Found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, these nutrients support the baby's brain development.

Eating small, frequent meals and snacks can help maintain your energy levels throughout the day. If you are concerned about your milk supply, some mothers find foods like oats, fenugreek (methi), and fennel seeds helpful; however, it is best to consult a healthcare provider before trying any supplements.

Many mothers worry that frequent nursing implies an insufficient milk supply. In reality, newborns often go through phases of "cluster feeding," where they nurse every 30–60 minutes over a period of several hours. This behavior stimulates milk production and is completely normal for rapidly growing babies.

Breast milk is a complete food for infants. It has the ability to boost a baby's immunity. Nutrient-rich breast milk cannot be compared to cow's milk or packaged milk; it is life-saving for babies. In the initial hours of a child's life, breast milk is not merely food; it serves as the newborn's first dose of immunity, transferred directly from the mother's body to the infant.

According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–21), only 63.7% of Indian children under the age of six months are exclusively breastfed, and only 41.8% receive breast milk within the first hour of birth—a time when they need it the most. Therefore, it is crucial to dispel myths surrounding breastfeeding.